QA Informed Breeding

1. Question 1: What is the main difference between genomic selection and genome wide association

analyses ?

• Association analyses uses only rare markers
• Bothe techniques use simple linear regression to select markers with large and small effects
• Genomic selection is used for prediction, association mapping is used for gene mapping
• Explanation:
  • In genomic selection all markers are used for prediction.
  • Association mapping concentrates on markers with significant effects
  • Association analyses is for complex traits with heritability close to one.

1. Question 2: Select one main advantage of genomic selection over phenotypic selection ?

• Genomic selection can not be combined with phenotypic selection
• Genomic selection os for mapping genes using complex statistical models
• Genomic selections makes the breeding cycle shorter
• Explanation:
  • By using markers breeding values of unobserved individuals can be predicted without the need to phenotype them.
  • Phenotypic selections is for mapping genes using complex statistical models

1. Question 3: Define genotype x environment interaction ?

• Genes with differential response under different environmental conditions
• Explanation:
  • Environments module genes and thus making some genes to response differently under differential environmental stimulus
  • Genes acting in an additive action in all the environments.
  • Genes acting additive in some environments and dominance in other environments.
  • Genomic regions acting similarly in all the environments.