QA Informed Breeding

1. What is the main difference between genomic selection and genome wide association analyses ?
   1. Association analyses uses only rare markers
   2. Bothe techniques use simple linear regression to select markers with large and small effects
   3. Genomic selection is used for prediction, association mapping is used for gene mapping
   4. Explanation
      1. In genomic selection all markers are used for prediction.
      2. Association mapping concentrates on markers with significant effects
      3. Association analyses is for complex traits with heritability close to one.
2. Select one main advantage of genomic selection over phenotypic selection ?
   1. Genomic selection can not be combined with phenotypic selection
   2. Genomic selection os for mapping genes using complex statistical models
   3. Genomic selections makes the breeding cycle shorter
   4. Explanation:
      1. By using markers breeding values of unobserved individuals can be predicted without the need to phenotype them.
      2. Phenotypic selections is for mapping genes using complex statistical models
3. Define genotype x environment interaction ?
   1. Genes with differential response under different environmental conditions
   2. Explanation:
      1. Environments module genes and thus making some genes to response differently under differential environmental stimulus
      2. Genes acting in an additive action in all the environments.
      3. Genes acting additive in some environments and dominance in other environments.
      4. Genomic regions acting similarly in all the environments.