Chickpea - Revision history

Curioadmin: /* Action time line */

2010-02-05T04:26:09Z

Action time line

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:26, 5 February 2010
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	==Action time line==		==Action time line==
	30 FEB 2010		30 FEB 2010
			good man u will definitely do it in fed 30th. thanks.

	==Title==		==Title==

Raj: /* Action time line */

2010-02-04T11:56:36Z

Action time line

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:56, 4 February 2010
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	==Action time line==		==Action time line==
	30 ~~NOV 2009~~		30 FEB 2010

	==Title==		==Title==

Raj at 18:58, 3 January 2010

2010-01-03T18:58:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:58, 3 January 2010
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	==Figures==		==Figures==
	== References ==		== References ==
			[[Category:Publication]]

Raj: /* Figures */

2009-11-27T03:06:18Z

Figures

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:06, 27 November 2009
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	==Figures==		==Figures==
			== References ==

Raj: /* Introduction */

2009-11-25T03:21:29Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:21, 25 November 2009
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	The development of ideotype concept by Donald (1968) attempt is being made in chickpea to hypothesize and develop an ideal plant type. The greater awareness of the role of early vigour, root characters along with morpho-physiological parameters and extent of genetic variability and association of these parameters with yield and its component traits, which is pre requisite for success of chickpea drought resistance breeding programme in deriving an ideal plant type has been felt imperative. However, the improvement in productivity of different crops based on selection at sporophytic level has been far below satisfactory, because of epistatic interaction in the expression of the resistant traits and genotype x environment interactions. In view of these difficulties several attempts have been made in the recent past to evolve alternate approaches to breed for drought. One of these involves the use of male gametophytic selection		The development of ideotype concept by Donald (1968) attempt is being made in chickpea to hypothesize and develop an ideal plant type. The greater awareness of the role of early vigour, root characters along with morpho-physiological parameters and extent of genetic variability and association of these parameters with yield and its component traits, which is pre requisite for success of chickpea drought resistance breeding programme in deriving an ideal plant type has been felt imperative. However, the improvement in productivity of different crops based on selection at sporophytic level has been far below satisfactory, because of epistatic interaction in the expression of the resistant traits and genotype x environment interactions. In view of these difficulties several attempts have been made in the recent past to evolve alternate approaches to breed for drought. One of these involves the use of male gametophytic selection


	Selection at gametic stage is rapid and offers opportunities to screen large number of genotypes. The impetus for screening at the gametic stage emerged in late 1970’s after the discovering that nearly 60 per cent of the genes expressed in the gametes overlap with that expressed in the sporophyte. In other words screening and selection for traits such as resistance at the gametic stage would be relevant at the sporophytic stage. The technique itself is an extension of what normally occurs in nature, where because pollen grain number per stigma generally, exceeds the number of ovules per ovary.		Selection at gametic stage is rapid and offers opportunities to screen large number of genotypes. The impetus for screening at the gametic stage emerged in late 1970’s after the discovering that nearly 60 per cent of the genes expressed in the gametes overlap with that expressed in the sporophyte. In other words screening and selection for traits such as resistance at the gametic stage would be relevant at the sporophytic stage. The technique itself is an extension of what normally occurs in nature, where because pollen grain number per stigma generally, exceeds the number of ovules per ovary.

Raj: /* Introduction */

2009-11-24T18:54:54Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:54, 24 November 2009
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	Breeding for drought resistance has been a great challenge for a long time due to number of factors such as phenotyping of abiotic stress in large population, physiological response under simulated conditions and agronomic conditions. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”. Unlike other traits, quantitative estimation of the phenotype is more complex in the case of abiotic stress related traits. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment.		Breeding for drought resistance has been a great challenge for a long time due to number of factors such as phenotyping of abiotic stress in large population, physiological response under simulated conditions and agronomic conditions. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”. Unlike other traits, quantitative estimation of the phenotype is more complex in the case of abiotic stress related traits. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment.

			The development of ideotype concept by Donald (1968) attempt is being made in chickpea to hypothesize and develop an ideal plant type. The greater awareness of the role of early vigour, root characters along with morpho-physiological parameters and extent of genetic variability and association of these parameters with yield and its component traits, which is pre requisite for success of chickpea drought resistance breeding programme in deriving an ideal plant type has been felt imperative. However, the improvement in productivity of different crops based on selection at sporophytic level has been far below satisfactory, because of epistatic interaction in the expression of the resistant traits and genotype x environment interactions. In view of these difficulties several attempts have been made in the recent past to evolve alternate approaches to breed for drought. One of these involves the use of male gametophytic selection
	The development of ideotype concept by Donald (1968) attempt is being made in chickpea to hypothesize and develop an ideal plant type. The greater awareness of the role of early vigour, root characters along with morpho-physiological parameters and extent of genetic variability and association of these parameters with yield and its component traits, which is pre requisite for success of chickpea drought resistance breeding programme in deriving an ideal plant type ~~is now being increasingly~~ felt~~. It is also important to investigate and examine the nature~~. However, the improvement in productivity of different crops based on selection at sporophytic level has been far below satisfactory, because of epistatic interaction in the expression of the resistant traits and genotype x environment interactions. In view of these difficulties several attempts have been made in the recent past to evolve alternate approaches to breed for drought. One of these involves the use of male gametophytic selection

	Selection at gametic stage is rapid and offers opportunities to screen large number of genotypes. The impetus for screening at the gametic stage emerged in late 1970’s after the discovering that nearly 60 per cent of the genes expressed in the gametes overlap with that expressed in the sporophyte. In other words screening and selection for traits such as resistance at the gametic stage would be relevant at the sporophytic stage. The technique itself is an extension of what normally occurs in nature, where because pollen grain number per stigma generally, exceeds the number of ovules per ovary.		Selection at gametic stage is rapid and offers opportunities to screen large number of genotypes. The impetus for screening at the gametic stage emerged in late 1970’s after the discovering that nearly 60 per cent of the genes expressed in the gametes overlap with that expressed in the sporophyte. In other words screening and selection for traits such as resistance at the gametic stage would be relevant at the sporophytic stage. The technique itself is an extension of what normally occurs in nature, where because pollen grain number per stigma generally, exceeds the number of ovules per ovary.

Raj: /* Introduction */

2009-11-24T18:53:15Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:53, 24 November 2009
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	The moisture stress affects almost all biophysical and biochemical process, the crop growth and yield. Despite of many decades of research, drought continues to be a major challenge to agricultural scientists due to the unpredictability of its occurrence, severity, timing and duration, interaction of drought with other abiotic stress and the variation in nutrient availability and with biotic stress.		The moisture stress affects almost all biophysical and biochemical process, the crop growth and yield. Despite of many decades of research, drought continues to be a major challenge to agricultural scientists due to the unpredictability of its occurrence, severity, timing and duration, interaction of drought with other abiotic stress and the variation in nutrient availability and with biotic stress.

	Breeding for drought resistance has been a great challenge for a long time due to number of factors such as phenotyping of abiotic stress in large population, physiological response under simulated conditions and agronomic conditions. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”. ~~In addition~~		Breeding for drought resistance has been a great challenge for a long time due to number of factors such as phenotyping of abiotic stress in large population, physiological response under simulated conditions and agronomic conditions. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”. Unlike other traits, quantitative estimation of the phenotype is more complex in the case of abiotic stress related traits. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment.

	Unlike other traits, quantitative estimation of the phenotype is more complex in the case of abiotic stress related traits. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment.

Raj: /* Introduction */

2009-11-24T07:27:35Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:27, 24 November 2009
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	Most of the promising chickpea tested in the national network have shown potential yield of 2000 to 2500 kg/ha, while the the national average still languishes at 750 to 850 kg/ha (Masood Ali and Shivkumar, 2001). The major factors contributing to low yield in the country especially in southern states are the short period available for the crop growth and incidence of terminal drought accompanied with other biotic stress. Although the progress towards alleviating biotic stress affecting chickpea productivity has been satisfactory, the work on abiotic stresses needs immediate and continuous attention. The most important abiotic stress is the drought, which severely affect the productivity of chickpea under rainfed production system.		Most of the promising chickpea tested in the national network have shown potential yield of 2000 to 2500 kg/ha, while the the national average still languishes at 750 to 850 kg/ha (Masood Ali and Shivkumar, 2001). The major factors contributing to low yield in the country especially in southern states are the short period available for the crop growth and incidence of terminal drought accompanied with other biotic stress. Although the progress towards alleviating biotic stress affecting chickpea productivity has been satisfactory, the work on abiotic stresses needs immediate and continuous attention. The most important abiotic stress is the drought, which severely affect the productivity of chickpea under rainfed production system.

	The moisture stress affects almost all biophysical and biochemical process, the crop growth and yield. Despite of many decades of research, drought continues to be a major challenge to agricultural scientists due to the unpredictability of its occurrence, severity, timing and duration, interaction of drought with other abiotic stress and the variation in nutrient availability and with biotic stress.		The moisture stress affects almost all biophysical and biochemical process, the crop growth and yield. Despite of many decades of research, drought continues to be a major challenge to agricultural scientists due to the unpredictability of its occurrence, severity, timing and duration, interaction of drought with other abiotic stress and the variation in nutrient availability and with biotic stress.

	Breeding for drought resistance has been a great challenge for a long time due to number of factors such as phenotyping of abiotic stress in large population, physiological response under simulated conditions and agronomic conditions. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”.		Breeding for drought resistance has been a great challenge for a long time due to number of factors such as phenotyping of abiotic stress in large population, physiological response under simulated conditions and agronomic conditions. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”. In addition

	Unlike other traits, quantitative estimation of the phenotype is more complex in the case of abiotic stress related traits. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment.		Unlike other traits, quantitative estimation of the phenotype is more complex in the case of abiotic stress related traits. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment.

Raj: /* Introduction */

2009-11-24T07:26:10Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:26, 24 November 2009
Line 22:		Line 22:
	Breeding for drought resistance has been a great challenge for a long time due to number of factors such as phenotyping of abiotic stress in large population, physiological response under simulated conditions and agronomic conditions. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”.		Breeding for drought resistance has been a great challenge for a long time due to number of factors such as phenotyping of abiotic stress in large population, physiological response under simulated conditions and agronomic conditions. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”.

	~~The physiological process also cause set a limit on yield~~. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment. The development of ideotype concept by Donald (1968) attempt is being made in chickpea to hypothesize and develop an ideal plant type. The greater awareness of the role of early vigour, root characters along with morpho-physiological parameters and extent of genetic variability and association of these parameters with yield and its component traits, which is pre requisite for success of chickpea drought resistance breeding programme in deriving an ideal plant type is now being increasingly felt. It is also important to investigate and examine the nature. However, the improvement in productivity of different crops based on selection at sporophytic level has been far below satisfactory, because of epistatic interaction in the expression of the resistant traits and genotype x environment interactions. In view of these difficulties several attempts have been made in the recent past to evolve alternate approaches to breed for drought. One of these involves the use of male gametophytic selection		Unlike other traits, quantitative estimation of the phenotype is more complex in the case of abiotic stress related traits. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment.


			The development of ideotype concept by Donald (1968) attempt is being made in chickpea to hypothesize and develop an ideal plant type. The greater awareness of the role of early vigour, root characters along with morpho-physiological parameters and extent of genetic variability and association of these parameters with yield and its component traits, which is pre requisite for success of chickpea drought resistance breeding programme in deriving an ideal plant type is now being increasingly felt. It is also important to investigate and examine the nature. However, the improvement in productivity of different crops based on selection at sporophytic level has been far below satisfactory, because of epistatic interaction in the expression of the resistant traits and genotype x environment interactions. In view of these difficulties several attempts have been made in the recent past to evolve alternate approaches to breed for drought. One of these involves the use of male gametophytic selection

	Selection at gametic stage is rapid and offers opportunities to screen large number of genotypes. The impetus for screening at the gametic stage emerged in late 1970’s after the discovering that nearly 60 per cent of the genes expressed in the gametes overlap with that expressed in the sporophyte. In other words screening and selection for traits such as resistance at the gametic stage would be relevant at the sporophytic stage. The technique itself is an extension of what normally occurs in nature, where because pollen grain number per stigma generally, exceeds the number of ovules per ovary.		Selection at gametic stage is rapid and offers opportunities to screen large number of genotypes. The impetus for screening at the gametic stage emerged in late 1970’s after the discovering that nearly 60 per cent of the genes expressed in the gametes overlap with that expressed in the sporophyte. In other words screening and selection for traits such as resistance at the gametic stage would be relevant at the sporophytic stage. The technique itself is an extension of what normally occurs in nature, where because pollen grain number per stigma generally, exceeds the number of ovules per ovary.

Raj: /* Introduction */

2009-11-24T07:21:01Z

Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:21, 24 November 2009
Line 20:		Line 20:
	The moisture stress affects almost all biophysical and biochemical process, the crop growth and yield. Despite of many decades of research, drought continues to be a major challenge to agricultural scientists due to the unpredictability of its occurrence, severity, timing and duration, interaction of drought with other abiotic stress and the variation in nutrient availability and with biotic stress.		The moisture stress affects almost all biophysical and biochemical process, the crop growth and yield. Despite of many decades of research, drought continues to be a major challenge to agricultural scientists due to the unpredictability of its occurrence, severity, timing and duration, interaction of drought with other abiotic stress and the variation in nutrient availability and with biotic stress.

	~~Inspite of plant’s genetic make up and optimum population, breeding~~ has ~~not~~ been as ~~effective on different agronomic parameters~~ of ~~the crop under drought~~ stress ~~conditions as it has~~ in ~~their absence. More over~~, ~~breeding for drought resistance is very frustrating~~. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”. The physiological process also cause set a limit on yield. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment. The development of ideotype concept by Donald (1968) attempt is being made in chickpea to hypothesize and develop an ideal plant type. The greater awareness of the role of early vigour, root characters along with morpho-physiological parameters and extent of genetic variability and association of these parameters with yield and its component traits, which is pre requisite for success of chickpea drought resistance breeding programme in deriving an ideal plant type is now being increasingly felt. It is also important to investigate and examine the nature. However, the improvement in productivity of different crops based on selection at sporophytic level has been far below satisfactory, because of epistatic interaction in the expression of the resistant traits and genotype x environment interactions. In view of these difficulties several attempts have been made in the recent past to evolve alternate approaches to breed for drought. One of these involves the use of male gametophytic selection		Breeding for drought resistance has been a great challenge for a long time due to number of factors such as phenotyping of abiotic stress in large population, physiological response under simulated conditions and agronomic conditions. To quote Arnon (1980), “Breeding for drought resistance has been a consistent theme for as long as I remember and probably the greatest source of wasted breeding efforts in whole field of plant breeding”.

			The physiological process also cause set a limit on yield. Many techniques give quantitative estimation of morphological changes that takes place during the growth of crop and provides some insight in to the physiological variation in yield caused either genetically or by environment. The development of ideotype concept by Donald (1968) attempt is being made in chickpea to hypothesize and develop an ideal plant type. The greater awareness of the role of early vigour, root characters along with morpho-physiological parameters and extent of genetic variability and association of these parameters with yield and its component traits, which is pre requisite for success of chickpea drought resistance breeding programme in deriving an ideal plant type is now being increasingly felt. It is also important to investigate and examine the nature. However, the improvement in productivity of different crops based on selection at sporophytic level has been far below satisfactory, because of epistatic interaction in the expression of the resistant traits and genotype x environment interactions. In view of these difficulties several attempts have been made in the recent past to evolve alternate approaches to breed for drought. One of these involves the use of male gametophytic selection

	Selection at gametic stage is rapid and offers opportunities to screen large number of genotypes. The impetus for screening at the gametic stage emerged in late 1970’s after the discovering that nearly 60 per cent of the genes expressed in the gametes overlap with that expressed in the sporophyte. In other words screening and selection for traits such as resistance at the gametic stage would be relevant at the sporophytic stage. The technique itself is an extension of what normally occurs in nature, where because pollen grain number per stigma generally, exceeds the number of ovules per ovary.		Selection at gametic stage is rapid and offers opportunities to screen large number of genotypes. The impetus for screening at the gametic stage emerged in late 1970’s after the discovering that nearly 60 per cent of the genes expressed in the gametes overlap with that expressed in the sporophyte. In other words screening and selection for traits such as resistance at the gametic stage would be relevant at the sporophytic stage. The technique itself is an extension of what normally occurs in nature, where because pollen grain number per stigma generally, exceeds the number of ovules per ovary.